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- TITLE: SLOVAK REPUBLIC HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICES, 1994
- AUTHOR: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE
- DATE: FEBRUARY 1995
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- Section 6 Worker Rights
-
- a. The Right of Association
-
- The Constitution provides for the right to form and join
- unions, except in the armed forces. In 1994 between 70 and 75
- percent of the work force was organized. Unions are
- independent of the Government and political parties. There are
- no restrictions on the right to strike, but there were no
- reports of strikes during the year.
-
- There were no reported instances of retribution against
- strikers or labor leaders, but the law and regulations do not
- explicitly prohibit such retribution. There were no reports of
- human rights abuses targeted against unions or workers.
-
- Unions are free to form or join federations or confederations
- and to affiliate with and participate in international bodies.
-
- b. The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively
-
- The collective bargaining law provides for collective
- bargaining, which is freely practiced throughout the country.
- Employers and unions set wages in free negotiations. The Law
- on Citizens' Associations prohibits discrimination by employers
- against union members and organizers. Complaints may be
- resolved either in collective negotiations or in court. If
- found guilty of antiunion discrimination, employers are
- required to reinstate workers fired for union activities.
-
- The Customs Act of 1992 regulates duty-free stores and free
- customs zones. Firms operating in several such zones must
- comply with the Labor Code; to date, there have been no reports
- of special involvement by the trade unions. Slovakia has no
- special legislation governing labor relations in free trade
- zones.
-
- c. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor
-
- Both the Constitution and the Employment Act prohibit forced or
- compulsory labor. There were no reports of violations. The
- Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs, and Family, as well as
- district and local labor offices, have responsibility for
- enforcement.
-
- d. Minimum Age for Employment of Children
-
- The law sets the minimum employment age at 15 years of age.
- Under a law amended in 1994, children must remain in school for
- 9 years, or until age 15. Workers under age 16 may not work
- more than 33 hours per week; may not be compensated on a
- piecework basis; may not work overtime or night shifts; and may
- not work underground or in specified conditions deemed
- dangerous to their health or safety. Special conditions and
- protections, though somewhat less stringent, apply to young
- workers up to the age of 18. The Ministry of Labor enforces
- this legislation. There were no reports of violations.
-
- e. Acceptable Conditions of Work
-
- The minimum wage, effective October 1993, is $82 (2,450 Slovak
- crowns) per month. Even when combined with special allowances
- paid to families with children, it does not provide an adequate
- standard of living for workers and their families. The
- Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs, and the Family is
- responsible for enforcing the minimum wage; no violations were
- reported.
-
- The standard workweek mandated by the Labor Code is 42.5 hours,
- although collective bargaining agreements have achieved
- reductions in some cases. The law requires overtime payment up
- to a maximum of 8 hours per week and 150 hours per year, and it
- provides 3 weeks of annual leave. There is no specifically
- mandated 24-hour rest period during the workweek. The trade
- unions, the Ministry of Labor, and local employment offices
- monitor observance of these laws, and the authorities
- effectively enforce them.
-
- The Labor Code establishes health and safety standards which
- the Office of Labor Safety effectively enforces. For hazardous
- employment, workers undergo medical screening under the
- supervision of a physician. They have the right to refuse to
- work in situations which endanger their health and safety and
- may file complaints against employers in such situations. In
- February the Government adopted a resolution on work safety,
- which created a timetable for taking the steps necessary to
- bring Slovakia into conformity with European Union norms.
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